社交往往是很廉价的，我们相聚的时间是如此短暂，以至于来不及让彼此获得新的长处。我们在一日三餐的时间里见面。大家重新相互品尝我们这些陈腐乳酪的味道。我们必须一致同意若干条礼节习俗，这些是我们所谓的礼尚往来，能够使大家相安无事地相处，避免有失风度的争吵。我们在邮局碰面，在各种社交场合碰面，在每晚的火炉边碰面，我们的生活太拥挤，相互干扰，彼此牵扯到一起，因此我认为，我们之间已太缺乏相互尊重了。当然，也有重要而热忱的聚会，次数少一点也就足够了。想想工厂中的女工们，生活中永远不会有自己独立的空间，甚至连做梦都不会是一个人。如果一个人能住上一平方英里，就像我住的地方一样，那情况就会好得多。人们交往的价值不在于有肌肤之亲，所以我们没有必要整日地待在一起。
我的房里有我很多伴儿，特别是早上没有人来访的时候。让我举例说明吧——也许用这种方式更能清楚地表达我的状况。我并不比湖中纵声高叫的潜水鸟更寂寞，也不比瓦尔登湖本身更寂寞。我倒是想获知有?与这孤独的湖做伴？在它湛蓝的水波上，存在的不是蓝色的魔鬼，而是蓝色的天使。太阳是孤独的，除非天上布满了乌云，有时候看上去像有两个太阳，但其中一个是假的。上帝是孤独的，——但是魔鬼就决不会孤独，他看到许多同伙，他要à帮结派。我并不比一朵毛蕊花或牧场上的一朵蒲公英更孤独，我不比一片豆叶、一枝酢浆草，或一只马蝇、一只大黄蜂更孤独。还有密尔溪、风信鸡、北极星或者南风，四月的暴雨、一月的冰雪消融，或者新屋里的第一只蜘蛛——所有这一切的一切，我都不比它们更孤独、更寂寞！
自然
Nature
à尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生 / Ralph Waldo Emerson
To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and what he touches. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out these envoys of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile.
The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret, and lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood. When we speak of nature in this manner, we have a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the stick of timber of the wood-cutter, from the tree of the poet. The charming landscape which I saw this morning, is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men' s farms, yet to this their warranty-deeds give no title. To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child. The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. His intercourse with heaven and earth, becomes part of his daily food. In the presence of nature, a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says, he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me. Not the sun or the summer alone, but every hour and season yields its tribute of delight; for every hour and change corresponds to and authorizes a different state of the mind, from breathless noon to grimmest midnight. Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.
一个想要追求孤独的人，不但要离开自己的卧室，还要离开社会。在我阅读和写作之时，尽管无人相伴，可我没有觉得孤独。然而，假如有?用尽心思追求孤独，那就让他抬头凝望星空吧。那来自天国的光芒，能在他和他生活的天地之间分出一条界限。你也许会认为，如此的构想简直太棒了：空旷辽阔的大地之上，人们抬头仰视星空，仿佛从中领悟到某种崇高的永恒。从城市的街道看过去，那种场面的确令人恭敬！假设天上的星星一千年才出现一次，可想而知他们会对这上苍的显圣何等崇敬，又会如何仔细地将它收藏进记忆里流芳百世啊！只可惜，这些美的使者夜夜都会带着劝诫式的微笑降临，将光辉普照整个宇宙。
星星使我们心生敬畏，不是因为它常常高悬于空中，而是因为它的可望而不可即。然而，只要拥有一颗包容的心，你就会发现世间万物和人类其实都是心灵相通的。自然从不把它吝啬的一面显露出来，顶尖聪明之人也不会强求打开它全部的奥秘，而会保留好奇之心去探寻它所有的完美之处。在智者看来，自然永远不会是一个玩物。鲜花、动物、山脉——折射出他们的纯真童年——也是他最高智慧的体现。当我们以这种方式来谈论自然时，头脑中自然会产生一种清晰而又极富诗意的?面，这种?面是世间万物在我们的印象中留下印迹的总和。也正是在这种印象的指引下，才会有伐木工手中的木头在诗人笔下却是大树的区别。今天早上我所看到的那一片令人陶醉的景色，毫无疑问它是由二三十个农场组成的。米勒占有这一块土地，洛克是那一片田野的主人，树林外面的那一片则归曼宁所有可是，他们?都不能拥有这片风景。
远处有一块土地，?也不能将其划在自己的名下，唯有那个又能看见土地又看得见风景的人，才是它真正的主人，而诗人正符合这样的要求。这个地方是农场主所有财产中最值钱的一部分，但按照他们的担保契约却并不是这样。坦诚讲，现在没有多少成年人能真正看得见自然了。大多数人都不看太阳，至少，只是肤浅地看。对成人而言，太阳只照亮了他们的眼睛，对孩子来说，太阳却照进了他们的眼睛与心灵。一个自然爱好者，他外在的知觉和内心的感触是相互调的，甚至在他成年以后，依然拥有一颗童心。在他看来，与天地的接触，是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，只要身处大自然中，不管生活中遭遇多大的悲痛，内心总会产生巨大的快乐。大自然说，他是我的杰作，不管他有多少没有缘由的悲伤，都会同我一起快乐。自然赋予给我们不仅仅是阳光、夏日、四季的变换，她每时每刻都在给予我们快乐与欣喜。这是因为，每一刻、每一个变化，不管是压抑的中午还是黑暗的午夜，都意味着一种别样的心情。在自然的舞台上，不仅能上演喜剧，也能烘托悲剧。
郁金香
Tulips
约瑟夫·艾迪生 / Joseph Addison
约瑟夫·艾迪生（1672—1719），英国著名作家，1672年生于英国一个乡村牧师家庭，后受教于牛津大学，并于1693年获得硕士学位。从1708年开始，艾迪生先后担任过议会议员，国务大臣助理，英国驻爱尔兰总督秘书等职。后曾为理查德，斯帝尔主编的《闲话报》撰写文章。1711年，他与斯帝尔合作创办报纸《旁观者》并担任主编。他的散文文风优美，文笔流畅，亲切通俗，主题明晰，对以后的散文作家有很大的影响。
