About half of U.S. traffic congestion is recurring， andis attributed to sheer weight of traffic； most of the rest isattributed to traffic incidents， road work and weather events.
美国半数以上的交通拥堵是因为交通总量超限。其他的原因是交通事故、道路施工或天气状况。
Traffic research still cannot fully predict under whichconditions a'traffic jam'may suddenly occur. It has beenfound that individual incidents may cause ripple effects (acascading failure) which then spread out and create a sustainedtraffic jam when， otherwise， normal flow might have continuedfor some time longer.
交通研究还未能说明哪种情况会突发交通拥堵。但是发现单独的交通事故也引起交通连环事故，导致交通堵塞，要不然正常的交通流量会持续更长的时间。
Section 64 违规罚单
Being Fined for a Violation
交通违章是违反交通管理的行为。欧美国家交通法规非常严格，有的国家规定违章者必须听从交通警察指令，否则被认为是刑事犯罪的行为。
口头应急句
1. Whats the problem， officer？
警官，有什么事吗？
2. Please show me your drivers license.
请出示您的驾照。
3. May I pay the fine with my credit card？
我可以用信用卡交罚款吗？
4. What is the fine for speeding？
超速要罚多少？
5. What did I do wrong？
我哪里违规了吗？
6. You were exceeding the speed limit.
你超速行驶了。
7. You were going 90 in a 70 mile an hour zone.
你在70英里时速的道路以90英里时速开车。
8. Can I see your license？
能看一下你的驾照吗？
9. Do you have any idea of how fast you were going？
你知道你的车速有多快吗？
10.Youre committed a parking violation.
你违规停车了。
11.Where do I go to pay the fine？
我要到哪里去交罚款呢？
12.Im just going to give you a warning this time.
这次我只是给你一个警告。
13.Ill let you go this time， but dont let it happen again.
这次我放你一次，但是下不为例。
超经典情景对话链接
经典一
Officer： Your driver's license， registration， and proof of insurance， please？
David： Sure. Here you are， officer.
Officer： I saw you were speeding. You were going 90 in a 70 mile an hourzone.
David： I was No， I didn't know.
Officer： You also ran a reverse drive and your tags have also expired. Ihave to cite you for all of that.
David： I'm sure I didn’t run a reverse drive， and I just renewed my registrationand my new tags are still in the mail. Can I just get a warning.
Officer： I'm afraid not.
David： What's the fine for all of those violations？
Officer： That information is on the back of the citation. Here you are. Havea nice day.
David： Thanks. Thanks a lot！
警官：请出示你的驾照，登记证和保险凭证。
大卫：好的，给你，警官。
警官：我发现你超速了。你在70英里时速的道路以90英里时速开车。
大卫：有吗？不是吧，我不清楚。
警官：你还逆行，你的标签已经过期了。我必须记录下来这些。
大卫：我确定没有逆行，我刚重新登记注册了，标签还没有办下来。
您能只给我记一个警告吗？
警官：恐怕不行。
大卫：这次违规，罚款是多少？
警官：信息都写在传票上面呢。给你。祝你愉快。
大卫：谢谢！非常感谢！
要点提示：
be speeding 超速行驶 get a warning 受到警告
be afraid 害怕；恐怕 speed limit 限速
pay the fine 支付罚款
经典二
Policeman： Excuse me， miss！ May I see your driver's license？
Lillian： Yes.Here is it. Any violation， officer？
Policeman： You were speeding.
Lillian： I'm sorry. I don’t know the speed limit of this zone.
Policeman： This is a 35-mile zone， and you were driving 45. There is yourcitation. Please read the instruction on it， and go to pay the fine.
Lillian： OK！ May I have my driver's license now？
Policeman： Here you go. Be careful from now on！
Lillian： I'll keep it in mind！ Thank you！
警察：对不起，小姐，我可以看一下你的驾照吗？
莉莲：可以，给你，我违章了吗，警察先生？
警察：你刚刚超速了。
莉莲：抱歉，我不太确定这里的限速。
警察：这里的限速是35英里，而你的车速是45英里。这是你的缴款单。请看上面的说明指示去交罚款。
莉莲：好的，我现在可以拿回驾照了吗？
警察：拿去吧，今后小心点！
莉莲：我会谨记在心。谢谢！
词汇补给站
license ['la?sns] n. 执照；许可证
registration [?red???stre??n] n. 登记；注册
proof [pru：f] n. 证据；证明
insurance [?n????r?ns] n. 保险；保险费
speeding [?spi：d??] n. 加速；超速行驶
zone [z??n] n. 地带；区域
reverse [ri?v?：s] adj. 反向；逆向
tag [t?ɡ] n. 标签；标记
expire [?k'spa??(r)] v. 期满；过期
renew [r?'nju：] v. 恢复；重新；换新
violation [?va??'le??n] n. 侵犯；违犯
information [??nf??me??n] n. 信息
limit ['l?m?t] n. 限制；限量；限度
instruction [?n'str?k?n] n. 指令；说明
点滴文化情
Parking violations
违章停车
Parking violations include， but are not limited to：
违章停车包括但不仅限于：
1. Parking in a prohibited space such as a bus stop or infront of a fire hydrant or a driveway or a garage entrance.
在禁止停车的地点，如公交车站、消防栓前面、行车道或者车库门口，都属于违章停车地点。
2. Parking on a sidewalk (unless specifically allowed bysigns).
在人行道上停车属于违章停车（除非有明显标志“可以停车”）。
3. Parking in or too close to or within a street crossing，railroad crossing or crosswalk.
在街道路口、铁路路口或人行横道等地点或附近区域停车属于违章。
4. Double parking.
双重泊车属于违章。
5. Parking at a parking meter without paying， or for longerthan the paid time.
在停车位，未付款或超时间停车，属于违章。
6. Parking in a handicapped zone without an appropriatepermit.
在交通障碍物处泊车，属于违章。
7. Many vehicle codes define it to be an infraction topark on the public byway without the vehicle being properlylicensed and registered， with expired or missing license platesor license plate tabs， without proper safety vehicle inspectiondecal， etc.
未经登记注册、上牌照，或牌照过期或丢失，没有车辆安全检验合格的，在公路旁停车，根据许多机动车法规，属于违章。
8. Parking without a zone permit in places where parkingis severely impacted (such as a residential zone permit， issuedto help preserve parking availability for those who live in thepermit zone).
没有停车位证明，乱停车的，属于违章。（例如社区停车牌，为了保护特定业主停车权。）
Section 65 酒吧消遣
Drinking at the Bar
酒吧指提供啤酒、葡萄酒、洋酒、鸡尾酒等酒精类饮料的消费场所。酒吧最初源于美国西部大开发时期的西部酒馆。随着时代的发展演变为提供娱乐表演等服务的综合消费场所。
口头应急句
1. What would you like to drink？
你想喝什么？
2. This is our wine list.
这是我们的酒单。
3. Red wine leaves a stain.
红葡萄酒能留下痕迹。
4. How about another drink？
要不要再来一杯？
5. I won't be getting stinking drunk without some brandy.
没有白兰地，我是不会喝得烂醉的。
6. Would you like to try the dry Martini？
要不要试试不甜的马提尼？
7. Lets get down to some serious drinking.
咱们来个一醉方休。
8. Lets paint the town red.
咱们来庆祝一下。
9. I'll get a couple of shots.
我想来几小杯烈酒。
10.There are some ice cubes on the bar over there.
那边的吧台提供冰块。
11.Id like the cocktail you made for me last time.
我要一杯上次你给我调的那种鸡尾酒。
12.Lets tie one on.
咱们一醉方休吧。
13.Thatll knock your socks off.
这酒会使你分不清东西南北。
14.Ill have something sharp tonight.
我今天想喝口感辛辣的酒。
15.He is a little drunk.
他有点醉了。
超经典情景对话链接
经典一
Waitress： Would you like to sit at a table or at the bar， madam？
Taylor： Well， I don't like a bar stool. I'd like somewhere not too near theband.
Waitress： OK. This way， please. Will this table be all right， madam？
Taylor： Fine. Thank you.
Waitress： Here is the wine list. Do you have any preference？
Taylor： Oh. I don't know what I want. I'm not much of a drinker.
Waitress： May I suggest some beer？
Taylor： Good.
