[135]Hair,J。F。,Anderson,R。E。,Tatham,R。L。,Black,W。C。(1998)。Multivariate data analysis。New York:Macmillan。
[136]Hall,J。(1971)。Decisions,decisions,decisions。Psychology Today,November,51-54。
[137]Hamilton,D。L。,and M。P。Zanna。(1972)。Differential weighting of favorable and unfavorable attributes in impressions of personality。Journal of Experimental Research in Personality,6:204-212。
[138]Hatfield,E。,Cacioppo,J。,Rapson,R。L。(1992)。Primitive emotional contagion。In M。S。Clark(Eds),Emotion and social behavior:Vol。14.Review of personality and social psychology,(pp。151-177)。Newbury Park,CA:Sage。
[139]Hatfield,E。,J。Cacioppo,and R。L。Rapson。(1993)。Emotional contagion。Current Directions in Psychological Science。2(3):96-99。
[140]Hatfield,E。,Cacioppo,J。,Rapson,R。L。(1994)。Emotional contagion。New York:Cambridge Univ。Press。
[141]Haviland,J。M。,and M。Lelwica。(1987)。The induced affect response:10 week old infants’responses to three emotion expressions。Developmental Psychology,23(1):97-104。
[142]Hietanen,J。K。,V。Surakka,and I。Linnankoski。(1998)。Facial electromyogaphic responses to vocal affect expressions。Psychophysiology,35:530-536。
[143]Hochschild,A。R。(1979)。Emotion work,feeling rules and social structure。American Journal of Sociology,85,551-575。
[144]Hochschild,A。(1983)。The managed heart:Commercialization of human feeling。Berkeley:University of California Press。
[145]Hoffman,M。L。(1985)。Interaction of affect and cognition in empathy。In C。E。Izard,J。Kagan,R。B。Zajonc(Eds。),Emotions,cognition,and behavior(pp。103-131)。New York:Cambridge Univ。Press。
[146]Hogg,M。A。(1992)。The social psychology of group cohesiveness:From attraction to social identity。New York:Harvester Wheatsheaf。
[147]Hollander,E。P。(1964)。Leaders,groups,and influence。New York:Oxford Univ。Press。
[148]Hollmann,T。D。(1972)。Employment interviewers’errors in processing positive and negative information。Journal of Applied Psychology,56:130-134。
[149]Holye,R。H。(1995)。The structural equation modeling approach:Basic concepts and fundamental issues。In R。H。Holye(Ed。),Structural equation modeling:Concepts,issues,and applications(pp。1-15)。Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage Publication。
[150]Humphrey,R。H。(2000)。The importance of job characteristics to emotional displays。In N。M。Ashkanasy,C。E。J。
[151]Hsee,C。,E。Hatfield,J。G。Carlson,and C。Chemtob。(1990)。The effect of power on susceptibility to emotional contagion。Cognition and Emotion,4:327-340。
[152]Insko,C。A。,Schopler,J。(1998)。Differential distrust of groups and individuals。In C。Sedikides,J。Schopler,C。A。Insko(Eds。),Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior(pp。75-107)。Mahwah,NJ:Erlbaum。
[153]Isen,A。M。(1970)。Success,failure,attention and reaction to others:A process focus。Organizational behavior,5,141-197。
[154]Isen,A。M。(1984)。Toward understanding the role of affect in cognition。In R。S。WyerT。Srull(Eds。),Handbook of social cognition(pp。179-236)。Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum。
[155]Isen,A。M。,Gorgolione,J。M。(1983)。Some specific effects of four affect induction procedures。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,9,136-143。
[156]Isen,A。M。,Levin,P。F。(1972)。The effect of feeling good on helping:cookies and kindness。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology。21,384-388。
[157]Isen,A。M。,Baron,R。A。(1991)。Positive affect as a factor in organizational behavior。In B。M。StawL。L。Cummings(Eds。),Research in organizational behavior(pp。1-53)。Greenwich,CT:JAI Press。
[158]Izard,C。(1991)。The Psychology of Emotions 。New York:Plenum Press。
[159]Jackson,J。(1966)。A conceptual and measurement model for norms and roles。Pacific Sociological Review,9,35-47。
[160]Jackson,S。E。,Schwab,R。L。,Schuler,R。S。(1986)。Toward an understanding of the burnout phenomenon。Journal of Applied Psychology,71,630-640。
[161]Jackson,S。E。,Turner,J。A。,Brief,A。P。(1987)。Correlates of burnout among public service lawyers。Journal of Occupation Behavior,8,339-349。
[162]Jacobs D。,Singell L。(1993)。Leadership and organizational performance:isolating links between managers and collective success。Soc。Sci。Res。22:165-89。
[163]Jacob,R。G。,J。F。Thayer,S。B。Mauck,M。F。Muldoon,L。K。Tamres,D。M。Williams,Y。Ding,and C。Gatsonis。(1999)。Ambulatory blood pressure responses and the circumplex model of mood:A 4 day study。Psychosomatic Medicine,61(3):319-333。
[164]Jamner,L。D。,Schwartz,G。E。,Leigh,H。(1988)。The relationship between repressive and defensive coping styles and monocyte,eosinophile,and serum glucose levels:Support for the opioid peptide hypothesis of repression。Psychosomatic Medicine,50,567-575。
[165]Janis,I。L。(1972)。Victims of groupthink。Boston,MA:Houghton Mifflin。
[166]Jinnett,K。,Alexander,J。A。(1999)。The influence of organizational context on quitting intention:An examination of treatment staff in long-term mental health care settings。Research on Aging,21,176-204。
[167]Joiner,T。E。(1994)。Contagious depression:Existence,specificity to depressed symptoms,and the role of reassurance seeking。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,67,287-296。
[168]Jones,J。R。(1998)。An examination of the emotional labor construct and its effects on employee outcomes。Unpublished doctoral dissertation,University of Nebraska,Lincoln。
[169]Kahn,R。L。(1964)。Role conflict and ambiguity in organizations。Personnel Administrator,9,8-13。
[170]Kahn,W。A。(1993)。Caring for the caregivers:Patterns of organizational caregiving。Administrative Science Quarterly,38,539-563。
[171]Kalker,P。(1984)。Teacher stress and burnout:Causes and coping strategies。Contemporary Education,56,16-19。
[172]Kanouse,D。E。,and L。R。Hanson,Jr。(1972)。Negativity in evaluations。General Learning Press,Morristown:New Jersey。
[173]Karabanow,J。(1999)。When Caring is not enough:Emotional labor and youth shelter worker。Social Service Review,73(3),340-357。
[174]Karau,S。J。,Williams,K。D。(1997)。The effects of group cohesiveness on social loafing and social compensation。Group Dynamics,1,156-168。
[175]Katzenbach,J。R。Smith,D。K。(1993),“The Disipline of Teams”,Harvard Business Review,pp。111-120。
[176]Kelly,J。R。(1987)。Mood and interaction。Unpublished dissertation,University of Illinois,Urbana Champaign。
[177]Kelly,J。R。(1988)。Entrainment in individual and group behavior。In J。E。McGrath(Ed。),The social psychology of time:New perspectives(pp。89-110)。Newbury Park,CA:Sage。
[178]Kelly,J。R。(2001)。Mood and emotion in groups。In M。HoggS。Tindale(Eds。),Blackwell handbook in social psychology。Vol。3:Group processes(pp。164-181)。Oxford,UK:Blackwell。
[179]Kelly,J。R。,and S。G。Barsade。(2001)。Mood and Emotions in Small Groups and Work Teams。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes。
[180]Kelman,H。C。(1961)。Processes of opinion change。Public Opinion Quarterly,25,57-58。
[181]Kemper,T。D。(1984)。Power,status and emotions:A sociological contribution to a psychophysiological domain。In K。R。SchererP。Ekman(Eds。),Approaches to emotion(pp。377-378)。Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum。
[182]Kenny,D。A。,La Voie,L。(1985)。Separating individual and group effects。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,48,339-348。
[183]Kiesler,S。,Sproull,L。(1992)。Group decision making and communication technology。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,52,96-123。
[184]Klein,K。,Kozlowski,S。W。(2000)。Multilevel theory,research,and methods in organizations。San Francisco:Jossey Bass。
[185]Kotler,P。(1991)。Marketing management:analysis,planning,implementation,and control。London:Prentice-Hall。
[186]Krackhardt,D。,and D。J。Brass。(1994)。Intra-organizational networks:The micro side。In S。Wasserman and J。Galaskiewicz(eds。),Advances in Social Network Analysis:207-229 Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage。
[187]Kruml,S。M。,Geddes,D。(2000a)。Exploring the dimensions of emotional labor:The heart of Hochschild’s work。Management Communication Quarterly,14,8-49。
[188]Kruml,S。M。,Geddes,D。(2000b)。Catching fire without burning out:Is there an ideal way to perform emotion labor?In N。M。Ashkanasy,C。E。Hrtel,W。J。Zerbe(Eds。),Emotions in the workplace(pp。177-188)。Wesport,CT:Greenwood。
[189]Larsen,R。J。,Diener,E。(1992)。Promises and problems with the circumplex model of emotions。Review of Personality and Social Psychology,13,25-29。
[190]Larsen,R。J。,Kasimatis,M。(1990)。Individual differences in entrainment of mood to the weekly calendar。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,58,164-171。
[191]Lazarus,R。S。(1991)。Emotion and Adaptation。New York:Oxford University Press。Levenson,R。W。
[192]Le Bon,G。(1895)。The crowd:A study of the popular mind。London:Ernest Benn。
[193]Leidner,R。(1993)。Fast food,fast talk:Service work and the routinization of everyday life。Berkeley:Univ。of California Press。
[194]Leiter M。P。,Clark D。,Durup J 。(1994)。Distinct Models of Burnout and Commitment among Men and Women in the Military。Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,30:63-82。
[195]Levenson,R。W。(1996)。Biological substrates of empathy and facial modulation of emotion:Two facets of the scientific legacy of John Lanzetta。Motivation and Emotion,20(3):185-204。
[196]Levine,J。M。and R。L。Moreland。(1992)。Small groups and mental health。In D。N。Ruble,P。R。Costanzo et al,。(eds),The social psychology of mental health:Basic mechanisms and applications:126-165.New York,NY:Guilford Press。
[197]Levy,D。A。,and P。R。Nail。(1993)。Contagion:A theoretical and empirical review and reconceptualization。Genetic,Social,and General Psychology Monographs,119(2):233-284。
[198]Lewin,K。(1948)。Time perspective and morale。In K。Lewin(Ed。),Resolving Social Conflicts。New York:Harper,pp。103-124。
[199]Litwin,G。H。,and Stringer,R。A。(1968)。Motivation and organizational climate。Boston:Harvard University Press。
[200]Lively,K。J。(2000)。Reciprocal emotion management:Working together to maintain stratification in private law firms。Work and Occupations,27,32-63。
[201]Locke,E。A。(1976)。The nature and causes of job satisfaction。In M。D。Dunnette(Ed。),The handbook of industrial and organizational psychology。Chicago:Rand McNally。
[202]Lord,R。G。,Klimoski,R。J。,Kanfer,R。(Eds。),(2002)。Emotions in the workplace。New York:Jossey-Bass。
[203]Lovaglia,M。J。,and J。A。Houser。(1996)。Emotional reactions and status in groups。American Sociological Review,61:867-883.Lundqvist,L。 O。,and U。Dimberg。
[204]Lundqvist,L。 O。,and U。Dimberg。(1995)。Facial expressions are contagious。Journal of Psychophysiology,9(3):203-211。
[205]Marshall,G。D。,and P。G。Zimbardo。(1979)。The affective consequences of inadequately explained physiological arousal。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37:970-988。
[206]Martin Baro,I。(1981)。La guerra civil en El Salvador。ECA。Estudios Centros americanos,No。377-388,pp。17-32。
[207]Martin Baro,I。(1990)。Religion as an instrument of psychological warfare。Journal of Social Issues,46,93-107。
[208]Martin,S。E。(1999)。Police force or police service?Gender and emotional labor。In R。J。Steinberg,D。M。Figart(Eds。),Emotional labor in service economy(pp。111-126)。The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,561。
[209]Martin,J。,Knopoff,K。,Beckman,C。(1998)。An alternative to bureaucratic impersonality and emotional labor:Bounded emotionality at The Body Shop。Administrative Science Quarterly,43(2),429-469。
[210]Maslow,A。H。(1971)。The Farther Reaches of Human Nature。New York:Viking。
[211]Maslach,C。(1978)。The client role in staff burnout。Journal of Social Issues,34,111-124.
[212]Maslach,C。(1979)。Negative emotional biasing of unexplained arousal。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37:953-969。
[213]Maslach,C。(1982)。Burnout:The cost of caring。Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall。
[214]Maslach,C。,Jackson,S。E。(1981)。The measurement of experienced burnout。Journal of Occupational Behavior,2,99-113。
[215]Maslach C。,Jackson S。E。(1986)。Maslach burnout inventory manual(2nd ed。)。Palo Alto,CA:Consulting Psychologists Press。
[216]Mayer,J。D。(1986)。How mood influences cognition。In N。E。Sharkey(ed。),Advances in Cognitive Science:1.Chichester,UK:Ellis Horwood。
[217]Mayer,J。D。,Salovey,P。(1997)。What is emotional intelligence?In P。SaloveyD。Sluyter(Eds。),Emotional development and emotional intelligence:Implications for educators(pp。3-31)。New York:Basic Books。
[218]Mayer,J。D。,Caruso,D。,Salovey,P。(1999)。Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence。Intelligence,27,267-298。
[219]Mayer,J。D。,P。Salovey,S。Gomberg Kaufman,and K 。Blainey。(1991)。A broader conception of mood experience。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,26(6):465-480。
[220]McDougall,W。(1923)。Outline of psychology。New York:Scribner。
[221]McGrath,J。E。(1991)。Time,interaction,and performance(TIP):A theory of groups。Small Group Research,22,147-174。
[222]McGrath,J。E。,Kelly,J。R。(1986)。Time and human interaction:Toward a social psychology of time。New York:The Guilford Press。
[223]McGrath,J。E。,Hollingshead,A。B。(1993)。Putting the“group”back in group support systems:Some theoretical issues about dynamic processes in groups with technological enhancements。In L。M。JessupJ。S。Valacich(Eds。),Group support systems:New perspectives(pp。78-96)。New York:Macmillan。
[224]Mehrabian,A。(1971)。Nonverbal communication。In M。R。Jones(Ed。),Nebraska symposium on motivation。Lincoln,NE:University of Nebraska Press。
[225]Mehrabian,A。(1972)。Nonverbal Communication。Chicago,Illinois:Aldine-Atherton。
[226]Menon,S。,Kahn,B。E。(1997)。Cross category effects of stimulation on the shopping experience:Anapplication to internet shopping。Working Paper 97-006,Wharton,University of Pennsylvania,College Station。
[227]Merton,P。K。(1940)。Bureaucratic structure and personality。Social Forces,18,560-568.
[228]Miller,K。I。,Still,J。B。,Ellis,B。H。(1988)。Communication and empathy as precursors to burnout among human service workers。Communication Monographs,55,250-265。
[229]Miller,N。,Brewer,M。B。(1986)。Categorization effects on ingroup and outgroup perception。In J。F。DovidioS。L。Gaertner(Eds。),Prejudice,discrimination,and racism(pp。209-230)。Orlando,FL:Academic Press。
[230]Mohrman,S。A。,Cohen,S。G。,Mohrman,A。M。,Jr。(1995)。Designing team-based organization:New forms for knowledge work。San Francisco:Jossey-Bass。
[231]Moore J。E。(2000)。Why is this happening?A causal attribution approach to work exhaustion consequences。Academy of Management Review,25(2):335-349。
[232]Morris,J。(1995)。Predictors and consequences of emotional labor。Unpublished doctoral dissertation。University of South Carolina,Columbia。
[233]Morris,J。,Feldman,D。(1996)。The dimensions,antecedents,and consequences of emotional labor。Academy of Management Review,21,986-1010。
[234]Morris,J。,Feldman,D。(1997)。Managing emotions in the workplace。Journal of Managerial Issues,9,257-274。
[235]Muchinsky,P。M。(2000)。Emotion in the workplace:The neglect of organizational behavior。Journal of Organizational Behavior,21,801-805。
[236]Mudrack,P。E。(1989)。Defining group cohesiveness:A legacy of confusion?Small Group Research,20,37-49。
[237]Mullen,B。,Copper,C。(1994)。The relation between group cohesiveness and performance:An integration。Psychological Bulletin,115,210-227。
[238]Neumann,R。,and F。Strack。(2000)。Mood Contagion:The automatic transfer of mood between persons。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79:211-223。
[239]Nezlek,J。B。,Zyzniewski,L。E。(1998)。Using hierarchical linear modeling to analyze grouped data。Group Dynamics,2,313-320。
[240]Nyklicek,I。,Thayer,J。F。,and L。J。P。van Doornen。(1997)。Cardiorespiratory differentiation of musically induced emotions。Journal of Psychophysiology,11(4):304-321。
[241]Organ。D。W。(1988)。Organizational citizenship behavior:The food sildier syndrome。Lexington,MA:Lexington。
[242]O’Relly,C。,Chatman,J。A。(1986)。Organizational commitment and psychological attachment:The effects of compliance,identification,and internalization on prosocial behavior。Journal of Applied Psychology,71(3),492-499。
[243]Parker,G。M。(1990)。Team players and Teamwork:The New Competitive Business Strategy。San Francisco:Jossey Bass,Inc。
[244]Parker,G。M。(1994)。Cross Functional Team:Working with Allies,Enemies,and Other Strangers。San Francisco:Jossey Bass。
[245]Paules,G。F。(1991)。Dishing it out:Power and resistance among waitresses in a New Jersey restaurant。Philadelphia:Temple University Press。
[246]Payne,W。L。(1986)。A study of emotion:Developing emotional intelligence;self integration;relating to fear,pain and desire(Dissertation Abstract)。Dissertation Abstracts International,47,203。
[247]Pedhazur,E。J。(1997)。Multiple regression in behavior research。New York:CBS College Publishing。
[248]Pedhazur,E。J。(1982)。Multiple regression in behavioral research:Explanation and prediction(2nd ed。)。New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston。
[249]Pemberton,M。B。,Insko,C。A。,Schopler,J。(1996)。Memory for and experience of differential competitive behavior of individuals and groups。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71,953-966。
[250]Petty,R。E。,F。Gleicher,and S。M。Baker。(1991)。Multiple roles for affect in persuasion。In J。P Forgas(ed),Emotion and Social Judgments:181-200.Oxford,UK:Pergamon Press。
[251]Pfeffer,J。(1983)。Organizational demography。In L。L。CummingsB。M。Staw(Eds。),Research in organizational behavior(pp。299-357)。Greenwich,CT:JAI Press。
[252]Pines,A。(1982)。Helpers’motivation and the burnout syndrome。In T。A。Wills(Ed。),Basic processes in helping relationships(pp。453-475)。San Diego:Academic Press。
[253]Plutchik,R。(1980)。Emotion:A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis。
[254]Prkachin,K。M。,K。D。Craig,D。Papageorgis,and G。Reith。(1977)。Nonverbal communication deficits and response to performance feedback in depression。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,86:224-234。
[255]Putnam,L。,Mumby,D。K。(1993)。Organizations,emotion and the myth of rationality。In S。Fineman(Ed。),Emotion in organizations(pp。36-57)。London:Sage。
[256]Quick,T。L。(1992)。Successful team building。New York:American management Association。
[257]Qu Renjun,Zhang Zigang。(2005)。The Management of Organization Emotion in Chinese Culture Setting。Singapore Management Review。
[258]Qu Renjun,Zhang Zigang。(2004)。The effect of Positive Affectivity of Supervisor on Group via Grey Relational Analysis。The Journal of Grey System,4。
[259]Rafaeli,A。(1989a)。When cashier meet customers:A analysis of the role of supermarket cashiers。Academy of Management Journal,32,245-273。
[260]Rafaeli,A。(1989b)。When clerks meet customers:A test of variables related to emotional expressions on the job。Journal of Applied Psychology,74,385-393。
[261]Rafaeli,A。,Sutton,R。I。(1987)。Expression of emotion as part of the work role。Academy of Management Review,12,23-27。
[262]Rafaeli,A。,Sutton,R。I。(1989)。The expression of emotion in organizational life。In L。L。CummingsB。M。Staw(Eds。),Research in organizational behavior(Vol。11,pp。1-42)。Greenwich,CT:JAI Press。
[263]Rafaeli,A。,Sutton,R。I。(1991)。Emotional contrast strategies as means of social influence:Lessons from criminal interrogator and bill collectors。Academy of Management Journal,34(4),749-775.
[264]Rafaeli,A。,Kluger,A。(2000)。Affective reactions to physical appearance。In N。M。Ashkanasy,C。E。Haertel,W。Zerbe(Eds。),Emotions in the workplace:Research,theory,and practice(pp。141-155)。Westport,CT:Quorum Books/Greenwood。
[265]Raush,H。L。(1965)。Interaction sequences。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2,487-499。
[266]Reber,A。S。(1985)。Dictionary of Psychology。New York:Penguin Books。
[267]Redican,W。K。(1982)。An evolutionary perspective on human facial displays。In P。Ekman(Ed。),Emotion in the human face(2nd ed。,pp。212-280)。New York:Cambridge University Press。
[268]Richards,J。M。,Gross,J。J。(2000)。Emotional regulation and memory:The cognitive costs of keeping one’s cool。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79,410-424。
[269]Richman,J。A。(1988)。Deviance from sex-linked expressivity norms and psychological distress。Social Forces,67,208-215。
[270]Rime,B。,and V。Christophe。(1997)。How individual emotional episodes feed collective memory。In J。W。Pennebaker,D。Paez,et al。(eds。),Collective Memory of Political Events:Social Psychological Perspectives:131-146.Mahwah,NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc。
[271]Rimé,B。,Philippot,P。,Cisamolo,D。(1990)。Social schemata of emotions[J]。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,59:38-49。
[272]Robbins,S。P。(2001)。Organizational Behavior(9th ed。),NJ:Prentice Hall。
[273]Robbins,T。L。,and A。S。DeNisi。(1994)。A closer look at interpersonal affect as a distinct influence on cognitive processing in performance evaluations。Journal of Applied Psychology,79:341-353.
[274]Robinson,S。L。,and A。M。O’Leary Kelly。(1998)。Monkey see,monkey do:The influence of work groups on the antisocial behavior of employees。Academy of Management Journal,41(6):658-672。
[275]Rose,M。(2001)。The working life of a waitress。Mind,Culture,and Activity,8,3-27。
[276]Rosekrans,M。A。(1967)。Imitation in children as a function of perceived similarity to a social model and vicarious reinforcement。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,7:307-315。
[277]Rosenberg,E。L。(1998)。Levels of analysis and the organization of affect。Review of General Psychology,2:247-270。
[278]Russell,J。A。(1980)。A circumplex model of affect。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,3(6):1161-1178。
[279]Rutter,D。R。,Fielding,P。J。(1988)。Sources of occupational stress:An examination of British prison officers。Work and Stress,2,292-299。
[280]Saavedra,R。,Kwun,S。K。(2000)。Affective states in job characteristic theory。Journal of Organizational Behavior,21,131-146。
[281]Salancik,G。R。,and J。Pfeffer。(1978)。A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design。Administrative Science Quarterly,23(2):224-253。
[282]Salovey,P。,Mayer,J。D。(1990)。Emotional intelligence。Imagination,Cognition and Personality,9,185-211。
[283]Sandelands,L。,and L。St。Clair。(1993)。Toward an empirical concept of group。Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior,23:423-458。
[284]Saxton,M。J。,Phillips,J。S。,Blakeney,R。N。(1991)。Antecedents and consequences of emotional exhaustion in the airline reservations service sector。Human Relations,44,538-595。
[285]Seashore,S。E。(1954)。Group cohesiveness in the industrial work group。Ann Arbor:University of Michigan,Survey Research Center,Institute for Social Research。
[286]Schachter,S。(1951)。Deviation,rejection,and communication。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,46,190-207。
[287]Schachter,S。(1959)。The psychology of affiliation。Stanford,CA:Stanford Univ。Press。
[288]Schaubroeck,J。,Jones,J。R。(2000)。Antecedents of work place emotional labor dimensions and moderators of their effects on physical symptoms。Journal of Organizational Behavior,21,163-183。
[289]Schaufeli,W。B。,Leiter,M。P。,Maslach C。,et al。(1996)。MBI-General Survey。In:Maslach C。,Jackson S。E。,Leiter M。P。(Eds。)。Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual(3rd ed。)。Palo Alto,CA:Consulting Pyschologists Press。
[290]Schaufeli,W。B。,Maslach,C。Marek,T。(1993)。Professional burnout:Recent developments in theory and practice。Washington,DC:Taylor and Francis。
[291]Schein,E。H。(1968)。Organizational socialization and the profession of management。Industrial Management Review,9,1-16。
[292]Schein,E。H。(1978)。Career dynamics:matching individual and organizational needs。Reading,MA:Addison Wesley。
[293]Scherer,K。R。(1981)。Speech and emotional states。In J。K。Darby(ed。),Speech Evaluation in Psychiatry:189-220.New York:Grune and Stratton。
[294]Schoenewolf,G。(1990)。Emotional contagion:Behavioral induction in individuals and groups。Modern Psychoanalysis,15(1):49-61。
[295]Schutte N。,Toppinen S。,Kalimo R。,et al。(2000)。The factorial validity of the Maslach burnout inventory general survey(MBI GS)across occupational groups and nations。Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology。73:53-66。
[296]Schwarz,N。,Bless,H。,Bohner,G。,Harlacher,U。,Kellerbenz,M。(1991)。Response scales as frames of reference:The impact of frequency range on diagnostic judgments。Applied Cognitive Psychology,5,37-49。
[297]Seeman,M。(1991)。Alienation and anomie。In J。Robison,P。Shaver,L。Wrightsman(Eds。),Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes(pp。291-295)。San Diego,CA:Academic Press。
[298]Shaw,J。B。,Barrett Power,E。(1998)。The effects of diversity on small work group processes and performance。Human Relations,51(10),1307-1325。
[299]Sheppard J。A。(1993)。Productivity loss in performance groups:a motivational analysis。Psychol。Bull。113:67-81。
[300]Sherif,M。(1966)。In common predicament:Social psychology of intergroup conflict and cooperation。Boston:Houghton Mifflin。
[301]Shonk,J。H。(1982),“Working In Teams:A Practical Manual For Improving Work Groups”,New York:AMACOM。
[302]Shuler,S。Sypher,B。D。(2000)。Seeking emotional labor:When managing the heart enhances the work experience。Management Communication Quarterly,14,50-89。
[303]Siegman,A。W。,Reynolds,M。(1982)。Interviewer interviewee nonverbal communications:An interactional approach。In M。Davis(Ed。),Interaction rhythms:Periodicity in communicative behavior(pp。249-277)。New York:Human Sciences Press。
[304]Simon,H。A。(1976)。Administrative behavior:A study of decision making processes in administrative organization(3rd Ed。),New York:Free Press。
[305]Smith,E。R。(1993)。Social identity and social emotions:Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice。In D。MackieD。Hamilton(Eds。),Affect,cognition,and stereotyping(pp。297-315)。San Diego,CA:Academic Press。
[306]Smith,A。C。,Kleinman,S。K。(1989)。Managing emotions in medical school:Students’contacts with the living and dead。Social Psychology Quarterly,52,56-69。
[307]Smith,P。C。,Kendall,L。M。Hulin,C。L。(1968)。The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement,Chicago:Rand McNally,P。79。
[308]Smith,K。,Smith,K。,Olian,J。,Sims,H。,O’Bannon,D。,Scully,J。(1994)。Top management team demography and process。Administrative Science Quarterly,39,412-438。
[309]Staw,B。M。(1986)。Organizational psychology and the pursuit of the happy/productive worker。California Management Review,28,40-53。
[310]Staw,B。M。,Barsade,S。G。(1993)。Affect and managerial performance:A test of the sadderbut wiser vs。happier and smarter hypotheses。Administrative Science Quarterly,38,304-331。
[311]Staw,B。M。,Bell,N。E。,Clausen,J。A。(1986)。The dispositional approach to job attitudes:A lifetime longitudinal test。Administrative Science Quarterly,31,56-77。
[312]Staw,B。M。,Sutton,R。I。,Pelled,L。H。(1994)Employee positive emotion and favorable outcomes at the workplace。Organization Science,5,51-71。
[313]Stearns,C。Z。,Stearns,P。N。(1986)。Anger:The struggle for emotional control in America’s history。Chicago:The University of Chicago Press。
[314]Steinberg,R。J。,Figart,D。M。(1999)。Emotional labor since the managed heart。In R。J。Steinberg,D。M。Figart(Eds。),Emotional labor in service economy(pp。8-26)。The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,561。
[315]Stenross,B。,Kleinman,S。(1989)。The high and lows of emotional labor:Detectives’encounters with criminals and victims。Journal of Contemporary Ethnography,17,435-452。
[316]Stokes,J。P。(1983)。Components of group cohesion:Intermember attraction,instrumental value,and risk taking。Small Group Behavior,14,163-173。
[317]Strack,F。,Martin,L。L。,Stepper,S。(1988)。Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile:A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54,768-776。
[318]Strickland,W。(1992)。Institutional emotional norms and role satisfaction:Examination of a career wife population。Sex Roles,25,423-439。
[319]Sullins,E。S。(1989)。Perceptual salience as a function of nonverbal expressiveness。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,15,584-595。
[320]Sullins,E。S。(1989)。Perceptual salience as a function of nonverbal expressiveness。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,15(4):584-595。
[321]Sullins,E。S。(1991)。Emotional contagion revisited:Effects of social comparison and expressive style on mood convergence。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,17,166-174。
[322]Sundstrom,E。,De Meuse,K。,Futrell,D。(1990)。Work teams:Applications and effectiveness。American Psychologist,45,120-133。
[323]Sutton,R。J。(1991)。Maintaining norms about expressed emotions:The case of bill collectors。Administrative Science Quarterly,36,245-268。
[324]Sutton,R。I。,Rafaeli,A。(1988)。Untangling the relationship between displayed emotions and organizational sales:The case of convenience stores。Academy of Management Journal,31(3),461-487。
[325]Tellegen,A。(1985)。Structure of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety,with an emphasis on self report。In A。H。TumaJ。D。Maser(Eds。),Anxiety and the anxiety disorders(pp。681-706)。Hillsdale,New Jersey:Erlbaum。
[326]Tews,M。J。,Glomb,T。M。(2000)。The feelings at work scale:Theoretical basis,development of the instrument,and preliminary validity testing。Paper presented at the Second Conference on Emotions and Organizational Life,Toronto,Oct。
[327]Thoits,P。A。(1996)。Managing the emotions of others。Symbolic Interaction,19,85-109。
[328]Ticklen Degnen L。R。Rosenthal。(1987)。Group rapport and nonverbal behavior。in C。Hendrick et al。(eds)。Group Processes and intergroup relations:Review of Personality and Social Psychology,9:113-136.Beverly Hills,CA:Sage Publications。
[329]Ticklen Degnan,L。,Puccinelli,N。M。(1999)。The nonverbal expression of negative emotions:Peer and supervisor responses to occupational therapy students’emotional attributes。The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research,19,18-39。
[330]Tjosvold,D。(1988a)。Cooperative and competitive dynamics within and between organizational units。Human Relations,41(6),425-436。
[331]Tjosvold,D。(1988b)。Cooperative and competitive interdependence:Collaboration between departments to service customers。Group and Organization Studies,13(3),274-289。
[332]Tolich,M。B。(1993)。Alienation and liberating emotions at work。Journal of Contemporary Ethnography,22,361-381。
[333]Totterdell,P。(2000)。Catching moods and hitting runs:Mood linkage and subjective performance in professional sport teams。Jou rnal of Applied Psychology,85(6),848-859。
[334]Totterdell,P。,Kellet,S。,Teuchmann,K。,Briner,R。B。(1998)。Evidence of mood linkage in work groups。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,74,1504-1515。
[335]Tracy,S。J。(2000)。Becoming character for commerce:Emotional labor,self subordination,and discursive construction of identity in a total institution。Management Communication Quarterly,14(1),90-128。
[336]Tuckman,B。W。(1965)。Developmental sequence in small groups。Psychological Bulletin,63,384-399。
[337]Van De Ven,A。H。,Delbecq,A。L。(1971)。Nominal vs。interacting group processes for committee decision making effectiveness。Academy of Management Journal,14,203-212。
[338]Van Maanen,J。(1976)。Breaking in:Socialization to work。In R。Dubin(Ed。),Handbook of work,organization and society(pp。67-130)。Chicago:Rand McNally。
[339]Van Maanen,J。,Schein,E。H。(1979)。Toward a theory of organizational socialization。In B。M。Staw(Ed。),Research in organizational behavior(Vol。1,pp。209-264)。Greenwich,CT:JAI Press。
[340]Van Maanen,J。,Kunda,G。(1989),“Real feelings”:Emotional expression and organizational culture。In L。L。CummingsB。M。Staw(Eds。),Research in organizational behavior(Vol。11,pp。43-103)。Greenwich,CT:JAI Press。
[341]Veith,I。(1965)。Hysteria:The history of a disease。Chicago:University of Chicago Press。
[342]Wallbott,H。G。,Sherer,K。R。(1986)。The antecedents of emotional experiences。In K。R。Scherer,H。G。Wallbott,A。B。Summerfield(Eds。),Experiencing emotion:A cross cultural study(pp。69-97)。Cambridge,UK:Cambridge Univ。Press。
[343]Warner,R。M。(1982)。The psychologist as social systems consultant。In T。Millon,C。Green,R。Meagher(Eds。),Handbook of clinical health psychology。New York:Plenum。
[344]Warner,R。M。,Malloy,D。,Schneider,K。,Knoth,R。,Wilder,B。(1986)。Rhythmic organization of social interaction and observer ratings of positive affect and involvement。Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,11,57-74。
[345]Wasielewski,P。L。(1985)。The emotional basis of charisma。Symbolic Interaction,8,207-222.
[346]Watson,D。,Clark,L。A。(1984)。Negative affectivity:The disposition to experience aversive emotional states。Psychological Bulletin,96,465-490。
[347]Watson,D。,L。A。Clark,and A。Tellegen。(1988)。Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect:The PANAS Scales。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54(6):1063-1070。
[348]Watson,M。,Pettingale,K。W。,Greer,S。(1984)。Emotional control and autonomic arousal in breast cancer patients。Journal of Psychosomatic Research,28,467-474。
[349]Weber,M。(1946)。Bureaucracy,from Max Weber:Essays in Sociology。In J。M。ShafritzJ。S。Ott(Eds。)。Classics of Organization Theory,80-85,(1996)。Harcourt Brace。
[350]Weiss,H。M。(1977)。Subordinate imitation of supervisor behavior:The role of modeling in organizational socialization。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,19,89-105。
[351]Weiss,H。M。,Cropanzano,R。(1996)。Affective events theory:A theoretical discussion of the structure,causes and consequences of affective experiences at work。In B。StawL。L。Cummings(Eds。),Research on Organizational Behavior,18,1-74.Greenwich,Conn。:JAI Press。
[352]Wharton,A。(1993)。The affective consequences of service work。Work and Occupations,20,205-232。
[353]Wharton,C。S。(1996)。Making people feel good:Workers’constructions of meaning in interactive service jobs。Qualitative Sociology,19,217-233。
[354]Wharton,A。(1999)。The psychosocial consequences of emotional labor。In R。J。Steinberg,D。M。Figart(Eds。),Emotional labor in service economy(pp。38-45),The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,561。
[355]Wharton,A。S。,Erickson,R。J。(1993)。Managing emotions on the job and at home:Understanding the consequences of multiple emotional roles。Academy of Management Review,18,457-486。
[356]Wharton,A。S。,Erickson,R。J。(1995)。The consequences of caring:Exploring the links between women’s job and family emotion work。Sociology Quarterly,36:273-296。
[357]Wheelan,S。A。(1994)。Group processes:A developmental perspective。Needham Heights,MA:AllynBacon。
[358]Wichroski,M。A。(1994)。The secretary:Invisible labor in the workworld of women。Human Organization,53(1),33-41。
[359]Wilder,D。,Simon,A。F。(2001)。Affect and intergroup bias。In Blackwell handbook in social psychology。Vol。4;Intergroup processes。Oxford,UK:Blackwell。
[360]Williams,W。M。,Sternberg,R。(1988)。Group intelligence:Why some groups are better than others。Intelligence,12,351-377。
[361]Wright,T。,Cropanzano,R。(1998)。Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance and voluntary turnover。Journal of Applied Psychology,83,486-493。
[362]Yanay,N。,Shahar,G。(1998)。Professional feelings as emotional labor。Journal of Contemporary Ethnography,27(3),346-373。
[363]Zapf,D。,Vogt,C。,Seifeit,C。,Mertini,H。,Isic,A。(1999)。Emotional work as a source of stress:The concept and development of an instrument。European Journal of work and organization psychology,8(3),371-400。
[364]Hochschild,Arlie。徐瑞珠译(1992):情绪管理的探索(原名:The Managed Heart:Commercialization of Human Feeling),Ch 6-9. 台北:桂冠。
[365]Goleman,D。著,张美惠(1996)译:EQ Emotional Intelligence。 台北:时报出版社1995年版。
[366]Goleman,D。著(1998),李瑞玲(1998)等译。EQⅡ 工作EQ(Working with Emotional Intelligence)。 台北:时报文化出版社。
[367]王垒编著:《组织管理心理学》,北京大学出版社1993年版。第148-162页。
[368]S。P。 罗宾斯著:《管理学》,中国人民大学出版社1997年版,第377-381页。
[369]侯杰泰:《为何需要结构方程模式及如何建立潜伏变项》,载于《教育研究》1994年第9期。
[370]费孝通:《乡土中国》,生活、读书、新知三联书店1985年版。
[371]吴明隆:《SPSS统计应用实务——问卷分析与应用统计》,科学出版社2003年版。
[372]黄敏萍(2002):《跨功能任务团队之结构与效能——任务特性与社会系络之影响》,台湾大学商学研究所博士论文。
[373]魏欣莹(2004):《国税人员工作士气与工作满意之研究——以财政部台湾省中区国税局为例》,彰化师范大学商业教育学系硕士论文。
[374]翁进勋(2002):《台北市国民中小学校警工作满意与服务士气关系之研究》,台北师范学院国民教育研究所硕士论文。
[375]林志成(1999):《动机理论对提振国民中小学教师士气之启示》,台湾师范大学教育研究所硕士论文。
[376]潘文忠(1993):《国民中学组织结构与教师士气关系之研究》,台湾师范大学教育研究所硕士论文。
[377]吴鸿明(1997):《员工对企业内人力资源管理的满意度与员工工作士气之相关研究-以台电协和火力发电厂为例》,交通大学管理科学研究所硕士论文。
[378]李靖(2003):《枯竭研究进展》,《北京大学学报(自然科学版)》2003年39卷第2期。
[379]吴宗佑(2003):《工作中的情绪劳动:概念妆展、相关变项分析、心理历程议题探讨》,台湾大学心理学研究所博士论文。